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Objective: This cross-sectional investigation aimed to determine the incidence, clinical characteristics, prognosis, and related risk factors of olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions related to infection with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron strain in mainland China. Methods: Data of patients with SARS-CoV-2 from December 28, 2022, to February 21, 2023, were collected through online and offline questionnaires from 45 tertiary hospitals and one center for disease control and prevention in mainland China. The questionnaire included demographic information, previous health history, smoking and alcohol drinking, SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, olfactory and gustatory function before and after infection, other symptoms after infection, as well as the duration and improvement of olfactory and gustatory dysfunction. The self-reported olfactory and gustatory functions of patients were evaluated using the Olfactory VAS scale and Gustatory VAS scale. Results: A total of 35 566 valid questionnaires were obtained, revealing a high incidence of olfactory and taste dysfunctions related to infection with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron strain (67.75%). Females(χ2=367.013, P<0.001) and young people(χ2=120.210, P<0.001) were more likely to develop these dysfunctions. Gender(OR=1.564, 95%CI: 1.487-1.645), SARS-CoV-2 vaccination status (OR=1.334, 95%CI: 1.164-1.530), oral health status (OR=0.881, 95%CI: 0.839-0.926), smoking history (OR=1.152, 95%CI=1.080-1.229), and drinking history (OR=0.854, 95%CI: 0.785-0.928) were correlated with the occurrence of olfactory and taste dysfunctions related to SARS-CoV-2(above P<0.001). 44.62% (4 391/9 840) of the patients who had not recovered their sense of smell and taste also suffered from nasal congestion, runny nose, and 32.62% (3 210/9 840) suffered from dry mouth and sore throat. The improvement of olfactory and taste functions was correlated with the persistence of accompanying symptoms(χ2=10.873, P=0.001). The average score of olfactory and taste VAS scale was 8.41 and 8.51 respectively before SARS-CoV-2 infection, but decreased to3.69 and 4.29 respectively after SARS-CoV-2 infection, and recovered to 5.83and 6.55 respectively at the time of the survey. The median duration of olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions was 15 days and 12 days, respectively, with 0.5% (121/24 096) of patients experiencing these dysfunctions for more than 28 days. The overall self-reported improvement rate of smell and taste dysfunctions was 59.16% (14 256/24 096). Gender(OR=0.893, 95%CI: 0.839-0.951), SARS-CoV-2 vaccination status (OR=1.334, 95%CI: 1.164-1.530), history of head and facial trauma(OR=1.180, 95%CI: 1.036-1.344, P=0.013), nose (OR=1.104, 95%CI: 1.042-1.171, P=0.001) and oral (OR=1.162, 95%CI: 1.096-1.233) health status, smoking history(OR=0.765, 95%CI: 0.709-0.825), and the persistence of accompanying symptoms (OR=0.359, 95%CI: 0.332-0.388) were correlated with the recovery of olfactory and taste dysfunctions related to SARS-CoV-2 (above P<0.001 except for the indicated values). Conclusion: The incidence of olfactory and taste dysfunctions related to infection with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron strain is high in mainland China, with females and young people more likely to develop these dysfunctions. Active and effective intervention measures may be required for cases that persist for a long time. The recovery of olfactory and taste functions is influenced by several factors, including gender, SARS-CoV-2 vaccination status, history of head and facial trauma, nasal and oral health status, smoking history, and persistence of accompanying symptoms.
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Female , Humans , Adolescent , SARS-CoV-2 , Smell , COVID-19/complications , Cross-Sectional Studies , COVID-19 Vaccines , Incidence , Olfaction Disorders/etiology , Taste Disorders/etiology , PrognosisABSTRACT
ObjectiveStudy on the mechanism of Guishao Yunpi decoction in preventing and treating breast hyperplasia based on phosphatase and tensin homolog （PTEN）/ phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase （PI3K）/protein kinase B （Akt） pathway. MethodSeventy SPF-grade SD rats were randomly assigned into blank group （n=15） and modeling group （n=55）. The mammary gland hyperplasia model of liver stagnation and spleen deficiency was established by the comprehensive modeling method （hunger and satiety abnormality + tail stimulation + estradiol benzoate + progesterone）， and then 5 rats were randomly selected for model verification. The modeled rats were then randomly assigned into five groups： model group， positive control （4 mg·kg-1·d-1 tamoxifen） group， and high-， medium-， and low-dose （17.2， 8.6， 4.3 g·kg-1·d-1， respectively） Guishao Yunpi decoction groups， with 10 rats in each group. The rats in the blank group and model group were given 10 mL·kg-1·d-1 distilled water， and those in other groups were orally administrated with corresponding drugs. After 30 days of treatment， the general living conditions of rats were observed， and the thickness of breast tissue was measured by an ultrasonic diagnostic instrument. The open field test was carried out for behavioral evaluation. The levels of B-cell lymphoma-2 （Bcl-2） and Bcl-2-associated X （Bax） in the breast tissue were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. The mRNA and protein levels of PTEN， PI3K， and Akt in the breast tissue were determined by Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） and Western blot， respectively. ResultCompared with those in the blank group， the rats in the model group were irritable， curled up in clusters， and showed positive behavior in the open field test. The modeling led to nipple swelling and increased the breast thickness （P<0.05）. Moreover， the modeling elevated the level of Bcl-2 and lowered that of Bax in the breast tissue （P<0.05）， down-regulated the mRNA and protein levels of PTEN， and up-regulated the mRNA and protein levels of PI3K and Akt （P<0.05）. Compared with the model group， drug administration relieved the general survival state， the degree of nipple swelling， and the positive behavior in the open field test and reduced the breast thickness （P<0.05）. In addition， drug administration reduced the level of Bcl-2 and increased that of Bax in the breast tissue （P<0.05）， up-regulated the mRNA and protein levels of PTEN， and down-regulated the mRNA and protein levels of PI3K and Akt （P<0.05）. ConclusionGuishao Yunpi decoction can improve the general living conditions and alleviate the mammary gland hyperplasia of rats with the syndrome of liver depression and spleen deficiency， which may be realized by the regulation of the PTEN/PI3K/Akt pathway.
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OBJECTIVES@#To examine the effect of improving diatom DNA extraction by glass bead - vortex oscillation method.@*METHODS@#The DNeasy PowerSoil Pro kit was used as control, two plant DNA extraction kits with different principles (New Plant genomic DNA extraction kit and Plant DNA Isolation kit) and one whole blood DNA extraction kit (whole blood genomic DNA extraction kit) were selected to extract diatom DNA from lung tissue and water sample of the same drowning case. The combination of mass ratio of glass beads with different sizes and vortex oscillation time was designed, and the optimal DNA extraction conditions were selected with the addition of glass beads oscillation. The extracted products of the conventional group and the modified group were directly electrophoretic and detected by diatom specific PCR. Finally, all the extracts were quantified by qPCR, and the Ct values of different groups were statistically analyzed.@*RESULTS@#When the frequency of vortex oscillation was 3 000 r/min, the optimal combination of DNA extraction was vortex oscillation for 4 min, and the mass ratio of large glass beads to small glass beads was 1∶1. The DNeasy PowerSoil Pro kit was used as a reference, and the Ct value of 10 mL water sample was greater than that of 0.5 g tissue. The Ct values of the other three kits used for plant DNA extraction decreased after the glass beads-vortex oscillation method was used, and the Ct values of the tissues before and after the improvement were statistically significant (P<0.05). The whole blood genomic DNA extraction kit used in this study could successfully extract diatom DNA, the extraction of water samples was close to DNeasy PowerSoil Pro kit, after the modified method was applied to tissue samples, the difference in Ct value was statistically significant (P<0.05). However, when the three kits were used to extract diatom DNA from water samples, Ct values before and after the improvement were only statistically significant in New Plant genomic DNA extraction kit group (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#The improved glass bead-vortex oscillation method can improve the extraction efficiency of diatom DNA from forensic materials, especially from tissue samples, by plant and blood DNA extraction kits.
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DNA, Plant/genetics , Diatoms/genetics , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction , WaterABSTRACT
Objective:To explore the therapeutic mechanism of Mongolian medicine Sendeng-4 decoction for rheumatoid arthritis by 99Tc m-hydrazinonicotinamide-(polyethylene glycol) 4-E[(polyethylene glycol) 4-c((Arg-Gly-Asp)fk)] 2 (3PRGD 2) imaging. Methods:A total of 200 female SD rats (age: 6-7 weeks) were divided into collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) group ( n=176) and blank control group ( n=24). Rats in the CIA group were divided into Sendeng-4 decoction treatment group ( n=24), etanercept treatment group ( n=24), and negative control group ( n=24) by simple random sampling method. 99Tc m-3PRGD 2 SPECT/CT imaging was performed before and after modeling and treatment. The differences of target/non-target (T/NT) ratio and serological, pathological, and immunohistochemical results among groups were compared by one-way analysis of variance or Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test. The correlation was analyzed by Pearson correlation or Spearman correlation analysis. Results:There were 95 (95/176) CIA models successfully established. The T/NT ratios of Sendeng-4 decoction treatment group and etanercept treatment group were lower than that of negative control group (0.260± 0.094, 0.238±0.099, 0.766±0.144 ; F=163.00, P<0.001), while there was no significant difference between the two drug treatment groups ( P>0.05). After drug treatment, serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and α vβ 3 were significantly lower than those of negative control group ( F values: 49.43-92.36, all P<0.001), pathological score was also lower than that of negative control group ( H=34.25, P<0.001), and levels of immunohistochemical makers (VEGF, TNF-α, α vβ 3, CD31, CD34) were also lower than those of negative control group ( H values: 13.51-26.84, all P<0.001), while there were no significant differences between the two drug treatment groups (all P>0.05). The T/NT ratios were positively correlated with above indictors in Sendeng-4 decoction treatment group ( r values: 0.56-0.59, rs values: 0.49-0.69), etanercept treatment group ( r values: 0.50-0.55, rs values: 0.46-0.70) and negative control group ( r values: 0.55-0.80, rs values: 0.58-0.86, P<0.001 or P<0.05). Conclusion:Verified by 99Tc m-3PRGD 2 SPECT/CT imaging and molecular pathology, Mongolian medicine Sendeng-4 decoction can inhibit neovascularization by down-regulating vascular factors such as VEGF, resulting in delaying the progression of the disease and improving clinical symptoms.
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Objective:To explore the application effect of online teaching mode on nursing experimental course.Methods:A total of 615 students in 4 classes of the Batch 2017 nursing undergraduates completed learning tasks such as teaching videos, notifications and tests on the ChaoXing platform (hereinafter as "ChaoXing"). And they learned online and had interactive discussions through Zoom cloud meeting system (hereinafter as "Zoom"). Online questionnaires were conducted to collect feedback on classroom teaching effects. SPSS 25.0 was performed for statistical analysis.Results:Among all nursing students, 445 (76.72%) students rated the content of the experimental course with a score of 16 or above, 540 (93.11%) ones felt that the "course content integrity" was good, 439 (75.70%) ones felt that "they have enough time to understand the important and difficult knowledge", 432 (74.48%) ones thought that "this learning method is very interesting", and 181 (31.21%) ones believed that "compared to the traditional way, this kind of teaching method is preferred" and thought online teaching could effectively enhance the enthusiasm for learning at home. While, 185 (31.90%) students disagreed with those above because that the instability of the network affected the sense of class experience, the lack of molds at home and the simulated clinical environment affected the sense of participation, and the inconvenience of taking notes or without books, etc.Conclusion:The "ChaoXing + Zoom" teaching method has been applied to nursing experimental teaching and achieved good results, but it still needs to assist offline practice to consolidate operational knowledge and skills. This teaching method is worthy of popularization and application during the epidemic period.
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Objective:To compare the quantitative parameters of myocardial blood flow based on SPECT imaging and those determined by PET imaging in coronary microvascular disease (CMVD) animal models, in order to clarify the accuracy and feasibility of SPECT quantitative analysis in CMVD.Methods:Seven Saanen milk goats (either male or female; (20±5) kg), were selected for establishing CMVD animal models by microsphere embolization. Dynamic myocardial perfusion imaging (DMPI) with one-day method of resting + ATP stress 99Tc m-methoxyisobutylisonitrile (MIBI) SPECT was performed before and after the modeling, respectively. One-day method of resting + ATP stress 13N-ammonia PET DMPI was performed after the modeling. The quantitative parameters determined by SPECT and PET after the modeling, including stress myocardial blood flow (SMBF), resting myocardial blood flow (RMBF) and myocardial flow reserve (MFR), were compared by paired t test. Parameters based on SPECT after modeling were compared with those of baseline levels. Bland-Altman analysis was applied to access the agreement between SPECT and PET. Results:Four of the seven experimental goats were fully imaged. The RMBF(ml·g -1·min -1; 1.52±0.27 vs 1.29±0.20), SMBF(ml·g -1·min -1; 0.74±0.19 vs 0.99±0.26), and MFR (0.53±0.16 vs 0.76±0.10) of the left ventricle (global) obtained by SPECT and PET in CMVD models were not significantly different ( t values: 3.121, 1.195, 1.930, all P>0.05). Among left anterior descending branch (LAD), left circumflex (LCX) and right coronary artery (RCA), the RMBF, SMBF and MFR values quantified by SPECT and PET were neither statistically significant ( t values: 0.182-2.734, all P>0.05). Bland-Altman analysis showed the quantitative parameters measured by SPECT and PET DMPI in left ventricle, LAD, LCX, RCA had a good consistency. The difference between the two methods for determining RMBF was up to 0.63 ml·g -1·min -1, and that of SMBF was up to 0.66 ml·g -1·min -1. All points are within the 95% confidence limit; MFR differs at most by 0.56, and 14/16 points were within 95% confidence limit. The RMBF (ml·g -1·min -1) of left ventricle measured by SPECT after modeling was not significantly different from that before modeling (1.52±0.27 vs 1.57±0.36; t=0.166, P>0.05); the SMBF (ml·g -1·min -1) and MFR after modeling were significantly lower than those before modeling (0.74±0.19 vs 2.34±0.89, 0.53±0.16 vs 1.39±0.31, t values: 3.836, 6.309, both P<0.05). Similar results were found when comparing the parameters of LAD/LCX/RCA after modeling with those before modeling (RMBF t values: 0.191, 0.235, 0.195, all P>0.05; SMBF/MFR t values: 0.411-19.911, all P<0.05). Conclusion:The blood flow quantitative parameters measured by SPECT imaging have a good consistency with those based on PET imaging, and the myocardial blood flow quantitative analysis of SPECT can evaluate the blood flow perfusion of CMVD.
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OBJECTIVE: To establish the high-performance thin layer chromatographic(HPTLC) fingerprints of volatile oil and flavonoids in Alpinia katsumadai Hayata so as to provide scientific information for its quality control, and determine the fingerprints similarity of with its related species. METHODS: The separation was performed on the pre-coated HPTLC GF254 silica gel plates. The volatile oil was developed with solvent system of toluene-ethyl acetate(9: 1). The relative humidity was 18%. The spots were visualized with 5% vanillin sulfuric acid solution. The flavonoides compounds were developed with solvent system of toluene-ethyl acetate-acetic acid (8: 1.5: 0.5). The spots were visualized with 5% aluminium chloride ethanol solution which needed to be observed at 365 nm. The common patterns of HPTLC fingerprints were obtained by CHROMAP 1.5 solution software, and authentication and quality assessment were performed by similarity and principle component analysis. RESULTS: The common patterns of the volatile oil and flavonoids consisted of 10 characteristic peaks and 7 characteristic peaks, respectively. Eucalyptol and alpinetin were identified by chemical reference substances. CONCLUSION: The qualities of Alpinia katsumadai Hayata collected from different areas are not distinctly different. Obvious difference exists in the chemical compositions of the volatile oil and flavonoids between Alpinia katsumadai Hayata and its counterfeit and other related species. This method is simple and rapid, which can serve as an effective identification and quality assessment method for Alpinia katsumadai Hayata.
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Objective@#To analyze the application of difficulty degree index (DDI) in predicting patients′s fertility outcome after laparoscopic myomectomy.@*Methods@#A retrospective study was carried out on 118 patients with subserous myoma or intramural myoma undergoing laparoscopic myomectomy from January 2005 to December 2014. The rate of post-operative pregnancy, delivery outcome and disease recurrence were investigated. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the impact of DDI, the age of patients undergoing surgery, presence of infertility history etc, on the patients′ reproductive outcome following the surgery.@*Results@#Follow-up for 1 to 10 years,118 cases were included in the study, the rate of post-operative pregnancy, live birth, vaginal delivery were 72.9% (86/118) , 52.5% (62/118) and 24.2% (15/62) respectively. No cases of uterine rupture and obstetric complications occurred. Univariate analysis showed that the independent variables of post-operative pregnancy rate were DDI, patient′s age at the time of surgery, presence of infertility history and myoma recurrence (all P<0.05) . In multivariate analysis, the factors of post-operative pregnancy rate were DDI (OR=3.131, 95%CI:1.012-8.894) , patient′s age at the time of surgery (OR=2.722, 95%CI:1.048-7.067) and presence of infertility history (OR=8.509, 95%CI: 2.102-34.445) .@*Conclusions@#DDI could be applied to predict post-operative pregnancy rate, with the increasing of DDI the post-operative pregnancy rate decreasing. The patients with high DDI scores, age>35 years old or presence of infertility history should get ready for pregnancy positively.
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OBJECTIVES@#To investigate the expression of IL-25,IL-33 and EOS in children with allergic rhinitis (AR).@*METHODS@#Ninety-four AR children receiving immunotherapy and 23 healthy people were concluded in the study. The serum levels of IL-25 and IL-33 were detected by Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), and a count of EOS were measured.@*RESULTS@#The serum levels of IL-25 and IL-33 in the mild group were higher than control group (0.05). The serum levels of IL-25 and IL-33 in the severe group were higher than those in mild group (<0.05). The serum levels of IL-25 and IL-33 in the severe group were higher than control group (<0.05). The count of EOS in the severe group were higher than those in mild group (<0.05). The count of EOS in the severe group were higher than those in control group (<0.05). Spearman test showed the serum levels of IL-25 in the children with AR patients have positive correlation with the serum levels of IL-33 (<0.05, =0.238).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Expression of IL-25 levels, IL-33 levels and the count of EOS in patients with AR are enhanced, which shows that IL-25, IL-33 and the count of EOS are involved in the AR. If we can understand the mechanism of them, it will profound implications for treatment.
Subject(s)
Child , Humans , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Eosinophils , Immunotherapy , Interleukin-17 , Metabolism , Interleukin-33 , Metabolism , Rhinitis, Allergic , Allergy and Immunology , TherapeuticsABSTRACT
Objective To understand detection results and difference in multidrug-resistant organisms(MDROs) in intensive care unit(ICU)and non-ICU.Methods Strains isolated from clinical specimens of hospitalized patients in a hospital from January 2015 to December 2016 were analyzed, 6 kinds of MDROs were conducted targeted monitoring, isolation and antimicrobial resistance of 6 kinds of MDROs from ICU and non-ICU patients were compared. Results A total of 1 013 strains of 6 kinds of MDROs were monitored, isolation rate was13.13％.Isolation rate of MDROs in ICU was higher than that of non-ICU (24.60％vs 5.47％, P＜0.001).Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii(CRAB)was the main isolated MDROs, accounting for 69.40％;of different pathogenic organisms, isolation rate of CRAB was the highest(55.75％).The main MDROs detected in ICU and non-ICU were both CRAB, accounting for 76.32％and 48.62％respectively;Of isolated pathogens, isolation rate of MDROs in ICU was higher than that of non-ICU(47.95％vs 8.02％, P＜0.001).Antimicrobial resistance rates of Escherichia coli isolated from ICU to ticarcillin/clavulanic acid, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, cefepime, imipenem, meropenem, amikacin, and gentamicin were all higher than that of non-ICU, resistant to piperacillin was lower than non-ICU, difference was statistically significant(all P≤0.05);resistance rates of Klebsiella pneumoniae from ICU to common antimicrobial agents(except piperacillin)were all higher than non-ICU(all P＜0.05).Resistance rates of Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa from ICU to common antimicrobial agents were all higher than non-ICU (all P＜0.05).Resistance rates of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from ICU to oxacillin, ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, and rifampicin were all higher than non-ICU (all P＜0.05), and resistance rates of Enterococcus faeciumto quinupristin/dafoeleptin and tetracycline were both lower than non-ICU (both P＜0.05).Conclusion Isolation rate of MDROs in ICU is high, resistance rates to most antimicrobial agents are also higher than non-ICU, monitoring on MDROs in ICU should be strengthened, and according prevention and control measures should be formulated.
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Objective To compare the difference of antihypertensive efficacy,the result of heart and lung function test(CPET)and 6 minutes walking distance(6MWD)in hypertension patients with different angiotensin converting enzyme(ACE)gene polymorphisms.Methods 120 patients with hypertension were randomly divided into four groups:the control group treated with nifedipine zyban,perimental group of group A(II),group B(ID),group C(DD)treated with lisinopril tablets.The blood pressure control situation,the changes of the CPET and 6MWD results were compared in the four groups 3 and 6 months after treatment.Results After 3 months,there were no significant changes in blood pressure drop of the four groups,and the differences were no statistically significant among the four groups in the range of blood pressure drop(all P>0.05),the body mass,maximum oxygen uptake(VO2/kg)and 6MWD of the four groups were not significantly changed..After 6 months,the blood pressure of the four groups decreased,and there were no statistically significant differences between the four groups in the drop of blood pressure(all P>0.05),VO2/kg(mL):the control group(17.94±1.51)mL,group A(18.04±1.85)mL,group B(19.70±1.25)mL,group C(21.25±2.20)mL and 6MWD:the control group(448.66±50.26)m,group A(445.07±41.21)m,group B(488.56±55.66)m,group C(500.54±53.25)m.The improvement range of VO2/kg and 6MWD was group C>B>A(group B compared with group A:ct=12.01,P=0.03;group C compared with group B:dt=17.26,P=0.02),there were no statistically significant differences between the control group and group A(all P>0.05).Conclusion This study found no ACE genotype associated with the antihypertensive effects of lisinopril,but found improvement of CPET and 6MWD result in different groups,DD type is superior to the ID,the ID type is better than type II.
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A new styrene dimer derivative has been isolated from the branch of Litsea greenmaniana by column chromatography over silica gel and Sephadex LH-20, as well as semi-preparative HPLC. Its structure was identified by spectroscopic data analysis (MS, UV, IR, 1D and 2D NMR) as (E)-2,4-bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butenol, named as listeanol. At a concentration of 1×10-5 mol•L⁻¹, compound 1 was inactive in the assays, including cytotoxicity against human tumor cell lines (HCT-8, Bel-7402, BGC-823, A549 and A2780), antioxidant activity in Fe²⁺-cystine-induced rat liver microsomal lipid peroxidation, neuroprotective activity against serum deprivation or glutamate induced neurotoxicity in cultures of PC12 cells, and the inhibitory activity against protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B).
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<p><b>OBJECTIVES</b>To investigate the mechanism of the Chinese medicine theory that Fei (Lung) and Dachang (Large Intestine) are exteriorly and interiorly related via synchronous observation on the dynamic changes of the respiratory and intestinal microflora.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty specific pathogen free Sprague-Dawley rats were selected and randomly divided into blank (10 rats) and chronic bronchitis model groups (30 rats). The blank group rats were put into the smoke-free environment and the model group rats were put into the smoke environment in order to establish pulmonary disease (chronic bronchitis) model. Then the corresponding changes of the respiratory and intestinal microflflora of the model on 20th, 50th and 70th days were synchronously observed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The respiratory tract microflflora showed an increase in the total aerobic and Staphylococcus aureus and reduced anaerobic amount signifificantly on 20th day in the respiratory tract microflflora (P<0.05 or 0.01). On 50th day, total aerobic, total anaerobic amount and bififidobacterium signifificantly increased (P<0.05). On 70th day, Staphylococcus aureus reduced and lactobacillus increased signifificantly (P<0.01). The intestinal microflflora showed an increase in the total aerobic, Clostridium perfringens, enterobacter and enterococcus significantly increased on 20th day (P<0.05 or 0.01). Staphylococcus aureus on 50th day increased significantly (P<0.05). Total aerobic and enterococcus increased, total anaerobic and Clostridium perfringens reduced signifificantly on 70th day (P<0.05 or 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The microecosystem of respiratory tract and intestine of rat model during the pathological process showed a dynamic disorder, indicating an interaction between the lung and large intestine which may be one of the connotations as they exteriorly and interiorly related.</p>
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Animals , Male , Bronchitis, Chronic , Microbiology , Pathology , Disease Models, Animal , Gastrointestinal Microbiome , Intestines , Microbiology , Lung , Microbiology , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Time FactorsABSTRACT
Twenty five known aromatic glycosides (1-25) and three known sesquiterpene glycosides (26-28) have been isolated from the twigs of Litsea cubeba by using various chromatographic techniques. Their structures were identified by spectroscopic data analysis (MS, IR, 1D and 2D NMR) as (7S,8R)-dehydrodiconiferyl alcohol 4,9'-di-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(1),(7S,8R)-5-methoxydihydrodehydrodiconiferyl alcohol 4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(2), (7S,8R)-urolignoside(3), (7R,8S)-dihydrodehydrodiconiferyl alcohol 4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(4), saposide B(5), lanicepside A(6), matairesinol-4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (7), tyraxjaponoside B(8), (+)-lyoniresinol-9'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (9), alaschanisoside A (10), syringin (11), psoralenoside (12), isopsoralenoside (13), scopolin(14), 2,6-dimethoxy-4-hydroxyphenol-1-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (15), 3-hydroxy-4,5-dimethoxyphenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (16), 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl-β-D-glucopyrnoside (17), 2-(4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (18), (+)-catechin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (19), 3'-O-methylepicatechin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (20), kaempferitrin (21), quercetin-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranside (22), kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (23), kaempferol 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl(1→2)-O-β-D-galactopyr anoside-7-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (24), quercetin 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1→6)-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl(1→3)-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1→2)-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (25), staphylionoside D(26), vomifoliol 9-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (27), dihydrovomifoliol-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (28). Compounds 1-21 and 24-28 were obtained from this genus for the first time.
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OBJECTIVE: To develop a reliable method to measure host cell protein(HCP)content of HEK293 cells in rAAV2-KAL vectors for clinic application. METHODS: The rAAV2-KAL vectors used for this study was purified by CsCl ultracentrifugation twice,then were subjected to by Western blot. The optimal linear range, minimum detection limit,and the accuracy and precision were verified by ELISA. Three batches of rAAV2-KAL were prepared by CsCl method. The change of HCP content during purification was determined to verify the method suitability and reliabilities. RESULTS: The optimal linear range of the method developed was 4-200 ng·mL-1, while the minimum detection limit of 4 ng·mL-1. The recovery rates of HEK293 cell protein at various concentrations were at range of 77.0%-115.0%,with a coefficient of variation of less than 20%. The HCP contents in three batches of rAAV2-KAL were less than 100 ng·mL-1, all data taken together indicated that HCP was effectively removed by CsCl ultracentrifugation. CONCLUSION: A reliable ELISA assay for residual host cell protein of HEK293 cells is successfully developed,which might be used for determination of HCP content in CsCl ultracentrifugation purified rAAV2-KAL for clinical application.
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Two new phenylpropanoids(1 and 2), together with thirteen known compounds(3-15), have been isolated from the root of Paeonia lactiflora by using various chromatographic techniques. Their structures were identified by spectroscopic data analysis(MS,IR,1D and 2D NMR)as(+)-(7R,8R)-1-guaiacyl-1,2-propanediolacetonide(1),(-)-(7R,8S)-1-guaiacyl-1,2-propanediolacetonide(2),O-senecioyllomatin(3),O-angeloyllomatin(4),(+)-cis-3'-senecioyloxy-4'-angeloyloxy-3',4'-dihydroseselin(5),columbianadin(6), benzyl 2,5-dihydroxybenzoate(7),3,6-dimethyl-5-hydroxyBenzo-furan(8),(S)-evofolin-A(9),2,3-dihydroxy-4-methoxyacetophenone(10), 2,5-dihydroxy-4-methoxyacetophenone(11), 2,5-dihydroxy-4-methyl acetophenone(12),ethyl 4-hydroxybenzoate(13), vanillic acid(14),and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde(15).Compounds 1 and 2 were new compounds,and compounds 3-9 were obtained from the genus Paeonia for the first time.
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OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for improving the cognition of medical staff for adverse drug reactions(ADR). METHODS:A questionnaire survey was conducted on the spot among the physicians,nurses and pharmacists with different profes-sional titles in our hospital to investigate their cognition about ADR concept,their judgment for ADR and ADR reporting,and the results were analyzed by statistical methods. RESULTS:Totally 452 questionnaires were sent out,and 439 were effectively re-ceived,with effective rate of 97.12%. In terms of correct cognition rate about ADR basic concept and the main reasons,the sur-veyed pharmacists were higher than physicians and nurses,the senior professional titles of surveyed pharmacists were higher than the intermediate and junior,the pharmacists with senior professional titles were the highest and the junior were the lowest,the dif-ferences were statistically significant(P<0.05);in terms of the proportion of certain for ADR judgment,the surveyed nurses were lower than pharmacists and physicians,the surveyed physicians with senior and intermediate professional titles were higher the ju-nior,the surveyed nurses with intermediate titles were higher than the junior,the surveyed pharmacists with senior professional ti-tles were higher than the intermediate and the junior,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05);in terms of cognition about ADR reporting,the surveyed pharmacists were the highest and the nurses were the lowest,the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05),while in terms of the proportion of knowing ADR reporting timing limit,reporting procedures and depart-ments,the surveyed pharmacists and physicians with junior professional titles were lower than the senior and intermediate,the dif-ferences were statistically significant(P<0.05);in terms of reasons for missed ADR reporting,the proportion of consideration of the risk of causing medical disputes for doctors of the surveyed physicians was higher than pharmacists and nurses,while the sur-veyed nurses showed higher proportion for doing not understand reporting procedures,doing not reporting,thinking ADR reporting was dispensable and uncertain for ADR identification,the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Medical staff with different professional titles and occupations have different cognition about ADR basic concept,judgment and re-porting,the pharmacist are relatively good,followed by the physician and nurse,especially the nurse,and the medical staff with junior professional titles are relatively poor. It is necessary to strengthen ADR education and training for them,play professional ad-vantages from the pharmacist and optimize ADR reporting procedures to improve the reporting rate and quality of ADR.
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Purpose To study the expression of Ech1 in hepatocarcinoma and its clinical significance, and to explore the relationship between subcellular location of Ech1 and malignant biologic behaviour of hepatocarcinoma. Methods Immunohistochemical analysis was used to detect Ech1 expression in the 20 cases of normal liver tissue and the 30 cases of hepatocarcinoma. Subcellular location of Ech1 in Hca-F and FEch1-down cell was observed with subcellular protein extraction. Results The expression of Ech1 in primary hepa-tocarcinoma was increased compared to that of normal liver tissues ( P0. 05). Ech1 was found expressed almost at the same location although the expression level one is normal and the other is downregulation. Ech1 expres-sion was found in cytosol, membrane fraction, and its expression was higher in cytosol than other fractions both in Hca-F cell and Ech1 downregulated Hca-F cell. Conclusions The expression of Ech1 in primary hepatocarcinoma was increased, which may indicate that Ech1 is a critical factor in the development of primary hepatocarcinoma, but the subcellular location of Ech1 has not much contribution to that.
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Objective To explore the effective nursing and long-term safety training mode, early intervention on safety awareness of junior nurses, regulate the safety behavior, ensure patient safety. Methods The ideas and methods of HSE management system (health, safety and environment trinity management system) were introduced, from training needs research, safety courses design, safety behavior training, training process management,safety knowledge clinical application and training quality control implementation of systematic management.From 2013 to 2014 low seniority nurses safety training for 2 years, including new hospital nurse per year.Taking the self contrast before and after experimental design, safety knowledge to master the situation, the nurse's satisfaction and quality of care and safety management before and after training were compared. Results The actual class qualified rate and safety knowledge awareness and the excellent and good rate of safety skills assessment after training were 80.10%(157/196), 92.34%(181/196),96.43%(189/196), which were higher than those of 65.30%(128/196), 81.63%(160/196), 88.78%(174/196) before training, and the differences were statistically significant, χ2=10.81,9.94,7.07,P<0.01. The overall satisfaction of the nurses for safety training was 92.35%(181/196)after training, which was higher than that of 80.61%(158/196)before training, the difference was statistically significant, χ2=16.37, P < 0.01.The qualified rate of nursing quality for the critically ill patients after training was 90.13%(210/233), which was higher than that of 81.48%(176/216) before training, the difference was statistically significant, χ2= 6.94, P < 0.01. The patient safety and quality, the quality of nursing records were 95.81%(206/215), 95.29%(688/722) after training, respectively, which were higher than those of 89.60%(181/202), 85.10%(577/678) before training, the differences were significant, χ2=5.98,4.17, P<0.05. Conclusions Improved safety training is normative, practicability and maneuverability, safety behavior norms, improve the risk identification and emergency handling ability, reduce nursing risk, close to the clinical need for safety management, safety training for nurses to provide the basis for sustainable development.
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BACKGROUND: The integrity of the dura mater is very important for prognosis of patients with brain injury prognosis. Artificial dura mater is a commonly repair material, and to look for an ideal artificial dura mater is the exploration direction in the neurosurgery field. OBJECTIVE: To observe and analyze the clinical data of brain injury patients undergoing repair of colagen sponge as dura mater substitute material with ozone therapy, and to explore and evaluate its clinical value. METHODS: Folow-up results of therapeutic efficacy and complications in 60 cases of brain injury folowing repair with colagen sponge artificial dura mater and ozone treatment were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Two patients died of postoperative diffuse brain sweling, one died of brain injury with multiple organ failures, and two cases of extensive brain injury accompanied by cerebral herniation were in vegetative state. The rest 55 patients were enroled in the final analysis. After surgery, two patients appeared to have postoperative subcutaneous fluid and their conditions improved folowing puncture aspiration and pressure dressing with elastic bandage; another patient showed a smal amount of subdural effusion, but did not undergo special treatment, and dynamic head CT showed the effusion was gradualy reduced. Cranial CT examination showed no abnormalities associated with the artificial dura mater. At 3-6 months after surgery, the artificial dura mater was fused wel with the normal dura mater in 28 cases undergoing skul patching, and there was no adhesion and inflammatory reaction. Taken together, the colagen sponge artificial dura mater with ozone can give ful play to the decompression treatment of traumatic brain injury, which can maintain the brain function, shorter operative time, result in fewer complications, and have good compatibility, and moreover, the artificial dura mater can be fused wel with the normal dura to protect the brain cortex, thereby providing favorable conditions for the latter skul repair.